Black Smokers

Depth: 3,650 m · Midnight Zone

Black smokers are hot springs on the seafloor, here in the Rift Valley of the ridge. Dark, mineral-rich water shoots out of their vents like smoke from a chimney. Amazingly, an entire community of animals lives here without any sunlight at all, including long white tube worms.

For scientists

At black smokers an entire food web lives without sunlight: bacteria draw energy from hydrogen sulfide (chemosynthesis) instead of light. The white tube worms have no mouth and no gut; instead such bacteria live inside them as symbionts and feed them. The water from the vents is over 350 degrees and stays liquid only under the high pressure.

Source: Wikipedia

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